Semantic reasoner

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"Reasoner" redirects here. For other uses, see Reasoner (disambiguation).

A semantic reasoner, reasoning engine, rules engine, or simply a reasoner, is a piece of software able to infer logical consequences from a set of asserted facts or axioms. The notion of a semantic reasoner generalizes that of an inference engine, by providing a richer set of mechanisms to work with. The inference rules are commonly specified by means of an ontology language, and often a description language. Many reasoners use first-order predicate logic to perform reasoning; inference commonly proceeds by forward chaining and backward chaining. There are also examples of probabilistic reasoners, including Pei Wang's non-axiomatic reasoning system,^[1] and probabilistic logic networks.^[2]

Contents

 [hide] 

• 1 List of semantic reasoners
  • 1.1 Commercial software
  • 1.2 Free to use (Closed Source)
  • 1.3 Free software (open source)
• 2 See also
• 3 References
• 4 External links

List of semantic reasoners[edit]

Existing semantic reasoners and related software:

Commercial software[edit]

• Bossam (software), an RETE-based rule engine with native supports for reasoning over OWL ontologies, SWRL rules, and RuleML rules.
• Ergo from Coherent Knowledge Systems, a Rulelog rule engine

Free to use (Closed Source)[edit]

• Cyc inference engine, a forward and backward chaining inference engine with numerous specialized modules for high-order logic. ([1] ResearchCyc) ([2] OpenCyc)
• KAON2 is an infrastructure for managing OWL-DL, SWRL, and F-Logic ontologies.
• Internet Business Logic (software)—A reasoner designed for end-user app authors. Automatically generates and runs complex networked SQL queries. Explains the results in English at the end-user level.

Free software (open source)[edit]

• Cwm, a forward-chaining reasoner used for querying, checking, transforming and filtering information. Its core language is RDF, extended to include rules, and it uses RDF/XML or N3 serializations as required. (CWM, W3C software license)
• Drools, a forward-chaining inference-based rules engine which uses an enhanced implementation of the Rete algorithm. (Drools, Apache license 2.0)
• Flora-2, an object-oriented, rule-based knowledge-representation and reasoning system. (Flora-2, Apache 2.0)
• Jena (framework), an open-source semantic-web framework for Java which includes a number of different semantic-reasoning modules. (Apache Jena, Apache License 2.0)
• Prova, an open-source semantic-web rule engine which supports data integration via SPARQL queries and type systems (RDFS, OWL ontologies as type system). (Prova, GNU GPL v2, commercial option available)
• dot15926 Editor—Ontology management framework initially designed for engineering ontology standard ISO 15926. Allows Python rule scripting and pattern-based data analysis. Supports extensions.
• Apache Marmotta includes a rule-based reasoner in its KiWi triple store.

See also[edit]

Software portal

• Business rules engine
• Expert systems
• Doxastic logic
• Method of analytic tableaux

References[edit]

1. Jump up ^ Wang, Pei. "Grounded on Experience Semantics for intelligence, Tech report 96". http://www.cogsci.indiana.edu/. CRCC. Retrieved 13 April 2015. 
2. Jump up ^ Goertzel, Ben; Iklé, Matthew; Goertzel, Izabela Freire; Heljakka, Ari (2008). Probabilistic Logic Networks: A Comprehensive Framework for Uncertain Inference. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 42. ISBN 9780387768724. 

External links[edit]

• OWL 2 Reasoners listed on W3C OWL Working Group homepage
• SPARQL Query Language for RDF
• Introduction to Description Logics DL course by Enrico Franconi, Faculty of Computer Science, Free University of Bolzano, Italy
• Inference using OWL 2.0 Semantics by Craig Trim (IBM).
• Marko Luther, Thorsten Liebig, Sebastian Böhm, Olaf Noppens: Who the Heck Is the Father of Bob?. ESWC 2009: 66-80
• Jurgen Bock, Peter Haase, Qiu Ji, Raphael Volz. Benchmarking OWL Reasoners. In ARea2008 - Workshop on Advancing Reasoning on the Web: Scalability and Commonsense (June 2008)
• Tom Gardiner, Ian Horrocks, Dmitry Tsarkov. Automated Benchmarking of Description Logic Reasoners. Description Logics Workshop 2006
• OpenRuleBench Senlin Liang, Paul Fodor, Hui Wan, Michael Kifer. OpenRuleBench: An Analysis of the Performance of Rule Engines. 2009. Latest benchmarks at OpenRuleBench website.

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[show] v t e Computable knowledge Topics and concepts Alphabet of human thought Authority control Automated reasoning Commonsense knowledge Commonsense reasoning Computability Formal system Inference engine Knowledge base Knowledge-based systems Knowledge engineering Knowledge extraction Knowledge representation Knowledge retrieval Library classification Logic programming Ontology Question answering Semantic reasoner Proposals and implementations Zairja Ars Magna (Ramon Llull, 1300) An Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language (John Wilkins, 1688) Calculus ratiocinator & Characteristica universalis (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1700) Dewey Decimal Classification (Melvil Dewey, 1876) Begriffsschrift (Gottlob Frege, 1879) Mundaneum (Paul Otlet & Henri La Fontaine, 1910) Logical atomism (Bertrand Russell, 1918) Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1921) Hilbert's program (David Hilbert, 1920s) Incompleteness theorem (Kurt Gödel, 1931) Memex (Vannevar Bush, 1945) Prolog (1972) Cyc (1984) True Knowledge (Evi, 2007) Wolfram Alpha (Wolfram Research, 2009) Watson (IBM, 2011) Siri (Apple, 2011) Knowledge Graph (Google, 2012) Microsoft Cortana (Microsoft, 2014) In fiction The Engine (Gulliver's Travels, 1726) Joe ("A Logic Named Joe," 1946) The Librarian (Snow Crash, 1992) Dr. Know (A.I. Artificial Intelligence, 2001) Waterhouse (The Baroque Cycle, 2003)

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Categories:

• Rule engines
• Knowledge representation
• Knowledge engineering
• Ontology (information science)
• Semantic Web
• Reasoning